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''Fumed Oak'' is a short play in two scenes by Noël Coward, one of ten that make up ''Tonight at 8:30'', a cycle written to be performed across three evenings. Coward billed the work as an "unpleasant comedy in two scenes". The play concerns a downtrodden, middle-aged salesman who, having saved up enough money to cut all ties, walks out on his wife, mother-in-law and "horrible adenoidal daughter", having first told all three what he thinks of them. In the introduction to a published edition of the plays, Coward wrote, "A short play, having a great advantage over a long one in that it can sustain a mood without technical creaking or over padding, deserves a better fate, and if, by careful writing, acting and producing I can do a little towards reinstating it in its rightful pride, I shall have achieved one of my more sentimental ambitions."〔(''Shaw Festival Study Guide, 2009'' ), p. 4. Accessed 17 March 2010.〕 The play was first produced in 1935 in Manchester and on tour and played in London (1936), New York (1936–1937) and Canada (1938). It has enjoyed several major revivals and has been adapted for film. At its premières in Manchester and London ''Fumed Oak'' was played on the same evening as ''Hands Across the Sea'' and ''Shadow Play''. Like all the other plays in the cycle it originally starred Gertrude Lawrence and Coward himself.〔Hoare, pp. 268–70〕 Coward later said, "I have always had a reputation for high-life, earned no doubt in the twenties with such plays as ''The Vortex''. But, as you see, I was a suburban boy, born and bred in the suburbs of London, which I've always loved and always will." ''Fumed Oak'', like his later play ''This Happy Breed'', is one of his rare stage depictions of suburban life.〔Castle, p. 18〕 ==History== Six of the plays in ''Tonight at 8:30'' were first presented at the Opera House, Manchester, beginning on 15 October 1935.〔''The Manchester Guardian'', 16 October 1935, p. 11〕 ''Fumed Oak'' premiered on the third night, 18 October 1935.〔''The Manchester Guardian'', 19 October 1935, p. 15〕 A seventh play was added on the subsequent provincial tour, and the final three were added for the London run. The first London performance was on 18 January 1936 at the Phoenix Theatre.〔''The Times'' 19 January 1936, p. 15.〕 Coward directed all ten pieces, and each starred Coward and Gertrude Lawrence. Coward said that he wrote them as "acting, singing, and dancing vehicles for Gertrude Lawrence and myself".〔Coward, unnumbered introductory page〕 The plays were performed in various combinations of three at each performance during the original run. The plays chosen for each performance were announced in advance, although a myth evolved that the groupings were random.〔''The Times'', 20 January 1936, p. 10; 11 February 1936, p. 12; 2 March 1936, p. 12; 6 April 1936, p. 10; 2 May 1936, p. 12; 10 June 1936, p. 14.〕 Matinées were sometimes billed as ''Today at 2:30''. The title of the play refers to a wood finishing process that treats the oak with ammonia fumes to darken it and emphasise its rough grain; the finish is dull rather than glossy.〔("Oak Finishes" ), at ''The Victor-Victrola Page'', accessed 26 October 2009〕 ''The Observer'' commented in its review, "Mr Coward, as a pale and hairy specimen of suburban revolt throws his supper to the floor and behaves more like Petruchio and looks more like an advertisement for liver pills ... than one could possibly imagine ... he is considerably assisted by Miss Gertrude Lawrence and Miss Alison Leggatt as dowdy shrew and shrew's mama. Miss Moya Nugent, as the dreadful daughter, bravely mutilates her appearance in order to look every inch the adenoid."〔''The Observer'' 19 January 1936, p. 15〕 The Broadway openings for the three parts took place on 24 November 1936, 27 November 1936 (including ''Fumed Oak'') and 30 November 1936 at the National Theatre, again starring Coward and Lawrence. ''Star Chamber'' was not included.〔(''Fumed Oak'' and other plays ) at the IBDB database〕 The London and New York runs were limited only by Coward's boredom at long engagements.〔Kenrick, John. ("Noel Coward 101: Coward's Musicals", ) ''Musicals 101: The Cyber Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre, TV and Film''〕 Major productions of parts of the cycle were revived in 1948 and 1967 on Broadway (including ''Fumed Oak'' in 1948 but not in 1967), in 1981 at the Lyric Theatre in London (omitting ''Fumed Oak'') and at the Chichester Festival in 2006 (''Shadow Play'', ''Hands Across the Sea'', ''Red Peppers'', ''Family Album'', ''Fumed Oak'' and ''The Astonished Heart''). In 1971, the Shaw Festival revived three of the plays, and in 2000, the Williamstown Theatre Festival revived six of the plays, but neither revival included ''Fumed Oak''.〔Brantley, Ben. ("How to Savor Fleeting Joys: Smiles Suave, Brows Arched", ) ''The New York Times'', 28 June 2000,〕 However, the Antaeus Company in Los Angeles revived all ten plays in October 2007, and the Shaw Festival did so in 2009.〔("Noël Coward's Tonight at 8:30 series started with previews of Brief Encounters at the Shaw Festival Theatre" ), Shaw Festival Theatre '09〕 For a 1952 film ''Meet Me Tonight'', directed by Anthony Pelissier, Coward adapted ''Ways and Means'', ''Red Peppers'' and ''Fumed Oak'' (called ''Tonight at 8:30'' in the US)〔(''Meet Me Tonight'' (1952) ) at the IMDB database〕 In 1991, BBC television mounted productions of the individual plays with Joan Collins taking the Lawrence roles.〔Truss, Lynne. "Tonight at 8.30", ''The Times'', 15 April 1991〕 The sheer expense involved in mounting what are effectively ten different productions has usually deterred revivals of the entire ''Tonight at 8:30'' cycle, but the constituent plays can often be seen individually or in sets of three. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「fumed oak」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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